New Mexico is known for its diverse range of plant life, from the towering pines of the mountains to the scrubby desert landscapes. However, along with the beautiful and beneficial plants, there are also a number of weeds that can cause problems for both farmers and homeowners alike.
These weeds can be invasive, spread rapidly, and compete with native plants for resources. In some cases, they can even be toxic to animals and humans. Identifying and managing these weeds is an important part of maintaining healthy ecosystems and productive agricultural lands in New Mexico.
Table of Contents
New Mexico weeds
| Name of weed | Family |
|---|---|
| Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) | Poaceae |
| Annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) | Asteraceae |
| Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) | Poaceae |
| Black medic (Medicago lupulina) | Legume |
| Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) | Convolvulaceae |
| Burdock (Arctium minus) | Asteraceae |
| Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) | Asteraceae |
| Carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata) | Molluginaceae |
| Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) | Poaceae |
| Chicory (Cichorium intybus) | Asteraceae |
| Common chickweed (Stellaria media) | Caryophyllaceae |
| Common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) | Asteraceae |
| Common mallow (Malva neglecta) | Malvaceae |
| Curly dock (Rumex crispus) | Polygonaceae |
| Cutleaf evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata) | Onagraceae |
| Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) | Asteraceae |
| Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) | Convolvulaceae |
| Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) | Brassicaceae |
| Foxtail (Setaria spp) | Poaceae |
| Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) | Poaceae |
| Hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) | Brassicaceae |
| Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) | legume |
| Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) | Lamiaceae |
| Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) | Asteraceae |
| Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) | Solanaceae |
| Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) | Poaceae |
| Knotweed (Polygonum spp) | Polygonaceae |
| Kochia (Kochia scoparia) | Amaranthaceae |
| Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) | Amaranthaceae |
| Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) | Scrophulariaceae |
| Pigweed (Amaranthus spp) | Amaranthaceae |
| Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola) | Asteraceae |
| Prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare) | Polygonaceae |
| Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) | Portulacaceae |
| Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) | Amaranthaceae |
| Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) | Brassicaceae |
| Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata) | Euphorbiaceae |
| Stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis) | Poaceae |
| Tumbleweed (Salsola tragus) | Amaranthaceae |
| Western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) | Asteraceae |
| Wild mustard (Brassica kaber) | Brassicaceae |
| Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) | Fabaceae |
Annual bluegrass (Poa annua)
Poa, commonly known as Annual bluegrass, is a small, tufted grass that is frequently found in lawns. Its light-green to blue-green color and dense mat formation can be problematic as it germinates quickly, outcompeting desirable grasses for space, nutrients, and water.
Annual bluegrass produces numerous seeds, which can lead to a significant infestation of lawn weeds if left unchecked. Although it dies off during hotter months or a lack of rain, it can also cause bald spots in lawns. Therefore, controlling Annual bluegrass is crucial for maintaining a healthy and attractive lawn.
Type
Annual
Family
Poaceae
Control
The most effective way to eliminate Annual bluegrass is to crowd it out with a thick lawn. Alternatively, you can reduce watering to let the lawn dry out or use a shovel to remove the weed. If bald patches appear after removing Annual bluegrass, you can easily fix them by applying new grass seed.
Annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus)
Annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) is an annual weed that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is native to Europe and Asia but has become naturalized in North America. Annual sowthistle can grow up to 5 feet tall and has yellow flowers that bloom from June to September. This weed is commonly found in fields, gardens, and other disturbed areas throughout Oregon.
Type
Annual
Family
Asteraceae
Control
Controlling Annual sowthistle requires a combination of cultural and chemical control methods. Cultural control involves preventing seed production by mowing or hand-pulling the weed before it flowers. Chemical control involves using herbicides such as glyphosate, 2,4-D, or dicamba.
These herbicides are most effective when applied in the fall or early spring when the plant is actively growing. Overall, controlling Annual sowthistle requires a combination of methods, including proper lawn maintenance, herbicides, mowing, and hand-pulling.
Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)
Bermudagrass is a hardy weed that propagates through underground stems and rhizomes, making it difficult to control and potentially invasive. Although it is popular on golf courses, it requires proper maintenance to prevent overgrowth.
Some prefer Fescue grass for its green color and easier maintenance. Careful consideration of the maintenance needs and potential invasiveness of Bermuda grass is necessary before planting.
Type
Perrenial
Family
Poaceae
Control
Bermuda grass can be controlled manually through hand pulling or mowing, which is effective for small areas or isolated patches. Alternatively, pre and post-emergent herbicides like Roundup, Weed Beater Ultra, or Ortho Ground Clear can be used for controlling larger areas or widespread infestations. However, it is crucial to use these chemicals with care and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Black medic (Medicago lupulina)
With its yellow flowers and clover-like leaves, black medic is a small, low-growing annual weed that can spread quickly if not controlled in time. Despite its shallow root system, it can be easily pulled out of the soil.
Black medic is often viewed as a first line of defense against larger weeds like dandelions because its deep roots can draw out moisture from the soil. This makes it an ideal candidate for pre-emergent control, which can prevent other weeds from germinating in areas where black medic has been eliminated.
Type
Annual
Family
Legume
Control
Hand removal of black medic can be highly effective when the soil is moist because it’s easier to pull out its roots. Undertaking this task during damp conditions can lead to a more successful outcome. Alternatively, herbicide application can also be used to control black medic.
Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
Although its pretty, lilac-colored, trumpet-shaped flowers may resemble those of morning glory, bindweed is a climbing vine that can grow uncontrollably. Once it wraps around a structure, it can quickly engulf other plants, depriving them of sunlight and eventually choking them. As a result, bindweed is a troublesome weed to manage. It thrives in drier soils, which contributes to its aggressive growth.
Type
Perennial
Family
Convolvulaceae
Control
Controlling bindweed growth requires regular watering of flower beds and gardens since it thrives in dry soil. For extensive infestations, irrigate the area first, then use glyphosate to treat bindweed before planting desirable plants. To prevent regrowth, use pre-emergent herbicides or mulch.
Burdock (Arctium minus)
Burdock is a sizable plant that features prickly purple flowers and a subtle stem with white-pink stripes and broad leaves. It typically blooms during the spring season and its flowers transform into burred seed pods during autumn. This weed species is commonly found in areas such as roadsides, old fields, ditch banks, and neglected spaces. Burdock can negatively impact the growth of native plants by causing root rot and serving as a host for powdery mildew.
Type
Perennial
Family
Asteraceae
Control
To eliminate burdock, it’s recommended to cut the root just below the soil surface and then hand-pull the plant, making sure to extract a significant portion of the taproot. For smaller plants, a dandelion digging tool can be used. Alternatively, applying a broadleaf herbicide during the rosette stage of the plant can be an effective way to kill burdock.
Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Canada thistle is a common perennial weed found in various regions of Canada and the United States. It is characterized by its thick, erect stems that have sharp spines along the edges, which sets it apart from other types of perennial weeds. Small, purple-hued flowers grow in clusters on spikes at the top of each stem. Additionally, this weed has deep roots that spread through rhizomes underground.
Type
Perennial
Family
Asteraceae
Control
Preventing the spread of Canada thistle is key to controlling it. Early removal by pulling or digging can help reduce its numbers, while herbicides containing 2,4-D can eliminate large infestations. Mowing before flowering can also prevent seeding. However, complete eradication of Canada thistle is challenging, and repeated treatments may be necessary.
Carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata)
Carpetweed is a ground-hugging weed that forms a mat on the soil surface. Its smooth, round stems and green leaves grow in whorls, while its tiny white flowers cluster in the leaf axils. This weed can often be found scrambling over the ground or in pavement cracks, creating mats that resemble carpets. It thrives in sandy soils with high humidity and ample sunlight.
Type
Annual
Family
Molluginaceae
Control
For small carpetweed infestations, hoeing or hand-pulling can be effective for removal. However, for larger infestations, herbicides may be necessary. It’s important to remove the noxious weeds before they reach the flowering stage to prevent further spread.
Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum)
Cheatgrass, also known as downy brome, is an invasive weed that belongs to the grass family. It is an annual plant that grows up to 3 feet tall and has a shallow root system. Cheatgrass is native to Europe and Asia, but it has spread to many parts of the world, including North America, where it is considered a noxious weed.
Type
Annual
Family
Poaceae
Control
Controlling cheatgrass can be challenging, as it is a fast-growing and resilient plant. The most effective methods include mechanical control, such as mowing or hand-pulling, and chemical control, such as herbicides. However, these methods can also harm native plants and wildlife. Grazing by livestock and controlled burns can also be used to manage cheatgrass populations. Additionally, preventing the spread of cheatgrass by removing seeds from clothing and equipment can help to prevent its spread to new areas.
Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
Cichorium intybus, commonly known as chicory, is a perennial weed that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It’s typically found in Kentucky and is recognized by its blue flowers and toothed leaves. Chicory can grow up to four feet tall and is commonly found in pastures, along roadsides, and in waste areas.
Type
Perennial
Family
Asteraceae
Control
Controlling Chicory can be done with selective herbicides or hand-pulling before seeding. Preventing its spread by maintaining healthy turf, mowing before seeding, and monitoring new growth is key. These control measures effectively manage the growth and spread of Chicory.
Common chickweed (Stellaria media)
Chickweed is a creeping winter lawn weed that thrives in cool temperatures. Its seeds germinate in the soil, allowing it to overgrow large areas of gardens or lawns. This weed can be identified by the mats of foliage it forms on the ground and small white flowers. It grows well in moist areas and is challenging to control due to its potential to spread rapidly.
Type
Annual
Family
Caryophyllaceae
Control
The best way to keep chickweed from invading your lawn is to prevent it from taking root. Overwatering should be avoided, and the mower blade should be raised, particularly during the autumn season, to prevent its growth.
Common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)
Groundsel is a small weed that grows upright to a height of up to 22 cm. Its flowers resemble small dandelion heads, and it thrives in dry, shady areas. Groundsel is commonly found around cabbages, courgettes, and parsnips. The plant produces hundreds of seeds that are easily dispersed by the wind, which can quickly ruin an entire garden if left unchecked.
Type
Annual
Family
Asteraceae
Control
During the early stages of groundsel growth, hand-weeding or mechanical control can be effective due to its shallow root system. Mechanical control is particularly effective before the flowers open, as viable seeds can still be produced even after the groundsel is killed by herbicides or other methods. Applying mulch before seed germination is another popular physical method of controlling this weed.
Common mallow (Malva neglecta)
Mallow, also known as Malva neglecta, is a weed species that is native to Europe but has become widespread in North America. It can grow up to 2 feet tall and is characterized by its small, pink or purple flowers and round, lobed leaves. Mallow is considered a weed due to its invasive nature and ability to outcompete other plants, despite belonging to the Malvaceae family, which includes many ornamental plants.
Type
Annual or biennial
Family
Malvaceae
Control
Mallow is difficult to control due to its prolific seed production and rapid spread to new areas. To prevent its growth and spread, it’s important to maintain a healthy lawn or garden and use appropriate herbicides when necessary. Glyphosate or 2,4-D herbicides can be effective, but care must be taken to avoid damaging surrounding plants.
Curly dock (Rumex crispus)
Curly dock is a broadleaf weed that can grow up to 5 feet tall and has long leaves with wavy margins arranged in a rosette. The thick, unbranched stem typically has a reddish tint and bears dense panicles of long clusters of flowers. The weed seeds have small wing-like structures and mature into a dark brown color. With taproots that can penetrate deep into the soil, curly dock is most prevalent during the spring season.
Type
Perennial
Family
Polygonaceae
Control
Controlling curly dock can be challenging due to its ability to tolerate changes in soil moisture. Regular cutting during mowing can weaken the weed, and digging out the taproot is another option. However, experts recommend using broadleaf herbicides to effectively eliminate this troublesome weed.
Cutleaf evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata)
Cutleaf evening primrose is an invasive perennial weed that can rapidly overtake a lawn or garden. It features large, lobed leaves and bright yellow flowers that cluster at the ends of the stems. This weed can be identified by its tall stems, which can reach up to 4-18 inches high, and its deep-lobed leaves.
Type
Perennial
Family
Onagraceae
Control
The most effective way to control cutleaf evening primrose is by using a combination of 2,4-D or dicamba with glyphosate herbicides. However, timing is crucial, and it’s essential to apply the herbicides before the weed reaches the flowering or seeding stage. This ensures that the herbicides target the weed’s roots and prevent it from spreading further.
It’s important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions when using herbicides to avoid damaging nearby plants and to wear protective gear to prevent exposure to the chemicals. Additionally, regularly monitoring the area for new growth and removing any cutleaf evening primrose plants before they mature can help prevent the weed’s spread.
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
Taraxacum officinale, commonly known as dandelion, is a perennial weed that belongs to the Asteraceae family and is commonly found in Kentucky. It is recognized by its yellow flowers and toothed leaves and can grow up to one foot tall. Dandelion is frequently found in lawns, gardens, and along roadsides.
Type
Perennial
Family
Asteraceae
Control
Selective herbicides and hand-pulling are effective for controlling dandelion. Prevent its spread by maintaining healthy turf, mowing before seeding, and monitoring new growth. Regular monitoring is important to catch new growth before it becomes a problem.
Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense)
Field pennycress is an annual broadleaf weed that can rapidly spread and germinate from minimal soil disturbance. It has a low-lying growth habit, small oval leaves, and clusters of small white flowers. This weed thrives in moist soils, making it most active during the wet spring and summer months.
Type
Annual
Family
Brassicaceae
Control
To control field pennycress, hoeing is the most effective method as it removes the weed before it can spread and reproduce. Post-emergent herbicides can also be used if the weed is already established, but multiple applications are necessary for maximum effectiveness.
Foxtail (Setaria spp)
Foxtail is an annual grass weed that grows in a bushy pattern, with long pointed leaf blades and small spikes at the end of its stems that resemble a fox’s tail. This weed grows rapidly and is commonly found in lawns, gardens, and fields throughout North America.
Type
Annual
Family
Poaceae
Control
To prevent foxtail from germinating, apply a pre-emergent herbicide in the spring. For existing infestations, use a post-emergent herbicide labeled for foxtail and follow instructions carefully. Hand-pulling or hoeing can also be effective but is labor-intensive. Maintaining a healthy grass lawn or garden through proper fertilization, watering, and regular mowing can prevent foxtail growth and other weeds.
Goosegrass (Eleusine indica)
Eleusine indica, commonly known as goosegrass, is an annual weed that belongs to the Poaceae family and is native to Africa. It can be found in lawns, gardens, and waste areas and can grow up to three feet tall. Goosegrass has small greenish-yellow flowers that bloom from May to September and is considered a weed due to its ability to rapidly spread and compete with other plants for resources. It can be challenging to control, making it problematic for gardeners.
Type
Annual
Family
Poaceae
Control
Managing goosegrass involves removing it before it goes to seed by hand-pulling or using a hoe to cut the stem below the soil surface. Mulching can also suppress growth and prevent seed germination. Herbicides containing glyphosate or sethoxydim can be effective, but it’s crucial to follow label instructions and use caution to avoid harming non-target plants. Repeated applications may be necessary to fully control goosegrass.
Hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta)
Hairy Bittercress is a small weed that grows up to 3-5 cm tall and has tiny white flowers. It often goes unnoticed as it hides under larger plants. This weed thrives in cool and moist conditions and has a unique method of seed dispersal. It launches its seeds with an explosive force, spreading them up to almost a meter away. Therefore, if not controlled early, it can quickly spread throughout the garden.
Type
Annual or biennial
Family
Brassicaceae
Control
To control Hairy Bittercress, remove young plants before they reach the flowering stage by hand-pulling or hoeing. Ensure that the entire plant, including the roots, is removed from the soil surface. After weeding, apply a mulch to prevent further germination.
Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa)
Hairy vetch is a legume plant that belongs to the pea family. It is an annual or biennial plant that is often used as a cover crop to improve soil fertility and prevent erosion. Hairy vetch has a deep root system and can grow up to 3 feet tall. It is native to Europe and Asia, but it has been introduced to many parts of the world, including North America.
Type
Annual or biennial
Family
legume
Control
Hairy vetch is not considered a weed, but it can become invasive in some areas. The best way to control hairy vetch is by preventing it from spreading to new areas. This can be done by removing seeds from clothing and equipment and by not planting it in areas where it is not wanted.
If hairy vetch has already become established in an area, it can be controlled by mowing or hand-pulling. Herbicides can also be used, but they should be used with caution to avoid harming other plants and wildlife.
Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule)
Henbit is a type of annual broadleaf weed that has a low-growing habit and can rapidly spread and dominate areas in lawns with weak turf during the growing season.
Its leaves are oval-shaped with serrated edges, and it produces tubular flowers that are purple in color. With a fibrous root system, henbit can grow up to 16 inches tall. Its reddish-purple flowers have dark spots on the lower petals and tend to germinate in early fall or winter.
Type
Annual
Family
Lamiaceae
Control
To control Henbit, Roundup can be used effectively, but it should only be applied during the weed’s active growth period. The best way to control Henbit is by maintaining a healthy lawn through regular watering and fertilization. Additionally, pre-emergent herbicides can be used to prevent new invasive weeds from germinating.
Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)
Horseweed is a troublesome weed that can grow to heights exceeding 6 feet. Its leaves are dark green, hairy, and alternate, and they tend to crowd the stem. As the stem rises, the size of the leaves becomes smaller. At the top of the stems, there is a dense inflorescence with small white rays and yellowish disc florets.
The horseweed plant is named after the shadow it casts, which resembles the tail of a horse when the sun shines on it. This weed species thrives in areas with disturbed soil, such as orchards and field nurseries, as well as unmanaged areas like ditches and roadsides. Its seeds are mainly spread by the wind.
Type
Annual
Family
Asteraceae
Control
Controlling horseweed is most effective when the weed is less than two inches tall. If the native plant grows beyond five inches, it can survive most herbicide applications. To prevent seed production, herbicides should be applied during the rosette stage, which occurs in early spring. In some fields, a combination of 2,4-D ester or dicamba and glyphosate is commonly used to control the invasion of horseweed.
Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)
Jimsonweed, also known as Datura stramonium, is a summer annual weed that can be found throughout Kentucky. It belongs to the Solanaceae family and can grow up to 5 feet tall, producing large trumpet-shaped flowers that range in color from white to purple. When the leaves are bruised, Jimsonweed emits a distinctive unpleasant odor, and all parts of the plant are poisonous. This weed is often found in cultivated areas, pastures, and waste sites.
Type
Annual
Family
Solanaceae
Control
Jimsonweed is difficult to control due to its toxicity. A combination of cultural and chemical methods is best. Cultural control involves regular mowing, while selective herbicides like glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba are effective during active growth in fall or early spring. Hand-pulling can work for small infestations but is risky. Overall, controlling Jimsonweed requires a mix of methods, including lawn maintenance, herbicides, and hand-pulling.
Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense)
Originating from the Mediterranean region, Johnson grass is a widespread weed species found in many parts of the world, including the United States. This tall, perennial grass can grow up to 8 feet tall and is recognized by its pointed, elongated leaves and large seed heads.
Despite belonging to the Poaceae family, which includes important food crops like wheat, rice, and corn, Johnson grass is considered a weed due to its invasive nature and ability to outcompete other plants.
Type
Perennial
Family
Poaceae
Control
Johnson grass is challenging to control due to its extensive root system, making hand removal difficult. Preventing its growth and spread requires proactive measures like maintaining a healthy lawn or garden and using proper herbicides. Herbicides containing glyphosate or imazapyr can be effective, but care must be taken to avoid harming surrounding plants.
Knotweed (Polygonum spp)
Japanese knotweed is recognized by its reddish-purple shoots and white flowers that emerge from pink buds. This weed has the unique ability to grow through piping, cables, buildings, and foundations, causing significant damage to properties. It typically blooms most prolifically in late summer and early autumn. Once established, Japanese knotweed is notoriously difficult to control.
Type
Perennial
Family
Polygonaceae
Control
Effective management of Japanese knotweed requires professional guidance, although approved herbicides can be used to prevent its spread. It can take up to three years of treatment to achieve complete control of this weed species.
Kochia (Kochia scoparia)
Kochia is an annual weed species with a low-growing habit, featuring white or greenish-colored flowers. It is distinguishable by its long, slender stems and pointed, triangular leaves. Kochia thrives in dry soils and can rapidly spread in open areas with minimal vegetation.
Type
Annual
Family
Amaranthaceae
Control
To prevent Kochia from germinating, powerful residual herbicides can be used. For established Kochia, post-emergent herbicides like glyphosate and 2,4-D can be applied. To minimize the risk of damage to desirable plants in the lawn, spot treatments are recommended for maximum effectiveness.
Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)
Lambsquarters is a weed species with an annual growth habit that ranges from low to medium. It is commonly found in gardens and lawns, where it can quickly spread if left unchecked. The plant has diamond-shaped leaves that are smooth on the upper surface and whitish underneath, along with small greenish-white flowers that grow in clusters.
Type
Annual
Family
Amaranthaceae
Control
To control Lambsquarters effectively, selective broadleaf herbicides like 2,4-D or dicamba (Weed Master) can be used. If physical removal is preferred, it is important to remove all parts of the plant, including its roots.
Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)
Common mullein, also known as Verbascum thapsus, is a biennial weed species that can reach up to 6 feet in height. It is characterized by its thick, hairy leaves and yellow flowers with five petals each. The plant produces a significant amount of seed, which grow in oval-shaped burrs. Common mullein is frequently found in pastures, fields, waste areas, and roadsides.
Type
Biennial
Family
Scrophulariaceae
Control
The initial step in controlling common mullein is manual removal or mowing before it starts to flower. Proper disposal of the removed plants is crucial, as they can still spread viable seeds if not handled correctly. To prevent the reemergence of this weed species, deep tillage can be performed to bury and destroy any seedlings.
Pigweed (Amaranthus spp)
Amaranthus retroflexus, commonly known as Pigweed, is an annual weed belonging to the Amaranthaceae family. This weed species is frequently found in gardens, croplands, and disturbed areas throughout Kentucky. Pigweed can grow up to 6 feet tall and has green or red leaves with a unique diamond shape. It produces small green flowers that eventually develop into thousands of tiny seeds.
Type
Annual
Family
Amaranthaceae
Control
The effective control of Pigweed requires a combination of methods. Preventing seed production is crucial for successful weed control. Applying herbicides like glyphosate, 2,4-D, or dicamba to small and actively growing Pigweed can be effective. While hand-pulling can work for small infestations, it can be time-consuming for larger areas. In summary, controlling Pigweed requires a mix of methods, including proper lawn maintenance, herbicides, and hand-pulling.
Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola)
Prickly lettuce, also known as Lactuca serriola, is an annual weed species that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is commonly found in gardens, fields, and disturbed areas throughout Kentucky. Prickly lettuce can grow up to 6 feet tall and has prickly leaves with a bluish-green hue. The plant produces yellow flowers that turn into white, fluffy seed heads that can spread quickly.
Type
Annual
Family
Asteraceae
Control
To control Prickly lettuce, it is important to prevent seed production by removing the plant before it flowers. Hand-pulling can be effective for small infestations, but herbicides such as glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba can also be used. These herbicides are most effective when applied during the plant’s active growth period in the spring or fall. Overall, controlling Prickly lettuce requires a combination of methods, including proper lawn maintenance, herbicides, and hand-pulling.
Prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare)
Prostrate knotweed is a prevalent weed species that thrives in poor soil. It is recognized by its slender, branched, wiry stems that form mats and small white-to-green blooms with pinkish margins. This weed grows throughout the year in wastelands and fields, and its flowering season spans from June to October.
Type
Annual
Family
Polygonaceae
Control
Prostrate knotweed thrives in compacted soils with low oxygen diffusion. Soil aeration techniques can be used to create less favorable soil conditions for weed growth, and it is important to avoid future compaction. For optimal results, a pre-emergent herbicide can be applied before seed germination.
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
Purslane is a low-growing weed with small, green paddle-shaped leaves and star-shaped yellow flowers. Its stems are red in color, and it is classified as a succulent, allowing it to survive in hot and dry environments. This weed spreads quickly and can cover the ground, displacing any other plants in its path.
Type
Annual
Family
Portulacaceae
Control
Purslane can be removed by hand-pulling or using chemical control methods, but professionals do not recommend hand-pulling as even a small portion of the root or stem left behind can cause regrowth. If hand-pulling is preferred, it should be done when the plant is young to prevent seed spreading.
Soil solarization is a highly effective method of controlling purslane. This involves covering moist soil with a clear plastic sheet for 4-6 weeks during the early summer, which kills the weed and its seeds. It is important to perform soil solarization before planting desired plants.
Russian thistle (Salsola tragus)
Salsola tragus, commonly known as Russian thistle, is a weed species that originated in Eurasia but has since spread widely throughout North America. This annual plant can grow up to 3 feet tall and is distinguished by its spiny leaves and stems. Russian thistle belongs to the Amaranthaceae family, which includes several essential food crops like spinach and quinoa. Despite its relation to these crops, Russian thistle is classified as a weed due to its invasive tendencies and ability to outcompete other plants.
Type
Annual
Family
Amaranthaceae
Control
Preventing the growth and spread of Russian thistle requires proactive measures such as maintaining a healthy lawn or garden and using appropriate herbicides when necessary. Herbicides that contain glyphosate or 2,4-D can be useful in controlling Russian thistle, but it is essential to take precautions to prevent damage to surrounding plants.
Shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)
Shepherd’s purse is a weed species that features multiple stems and triangular or heart-shaped seed pods. The plant has numerous tiny, four-petaled flowers on its upper stems and branches. It is commonly found in disturbed areas, roadsides, gardens, trails, and old homesites throughout Wisconsin. Shepherd’s purse reproduces by dispersing seeds through water, wind, animals, and vehicle tires.
Type
Annual
Family
Brassicaceae
Control
Hand pulling weeds or using a suitable weeding tool is the primary means of controlling Shepherd’s purse on a lawn, especially in the early stages of infestation. However, for established weeds, using a contact weed killer in the early spring before the flowering period is recommended for effective control.
Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata)
Spurge is a warm-season weed that is frequently found in container nurseries. It produces greenish-white flowers, and its leaves or stems exude a milky sap when broken. Ground spurge and spotted spurge are two common types of spurge that have similar appearances, with prostrate to ascending stems and oblong or round leaves.
Spurge can be found in various locations, such as grasslands, pastures, roadsides, and prairies. This weed species is adaptable to a broad range of soil types, making it a common sight in many areas.
Type
Perennial
Family
Euphorbiaceae
Control
While hand-pulling can work for small patches of spurge, prevention is the primary method for dealing with this weed, as its control can be challenging once it has taken root. Post-emergent herbicides are a viable option for controlling spurge invasions in gardens or lawns. To achieve maximum effectiveness, it is essential to apply the herbicide when the weed is actively growing.
Stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis)
Stinkgrass, scientifically known as Eragrostis cilianensis, is an annual weed species belonging to the Poaceae family. This weed species is commonly found in gardens, lawns, and other disturbed areas throughout the United States. Stinkgrass can grow up to 2 feet tall and has a distinct odor when crushed or cut. The plant produces small, greenish flowers that turn into seed heads.
Type
Annual
Family
Poaceae
Control
To control Stinkgrass, it is essential to take preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy lawn or garden and avoiding overwatering. Hand-pulling can be effective for smaller infestations, but herbicides such as glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba can also be used. These herbicides are most effective when applied during the plant’s active growth period in the spring or fall. In summary, controlling Stinkgrass requires a combination of methods, including proper lawn maintenance, herbicides, and hand-pulling.
Tumbleweed (Salsola tragus)
Tumbleweed, also known as Salsola tragus, is an annual weed species belonging to the Amaranthaceae family. This weed species is native to Eurasia but has become widespread in many parts of North America. Tumbleweed can grow up to 4 feet tall and is characterized by its spiny leaves and stems.
Type
Annual
Family
Amaranthaceae
Control
Tumbleweed is a problematic weed that can quickly spread and outcompete other plants. To control Tumbleweed, it is important to take preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy lawn or garden and avoiding overwatering. Hand-pulling can be effective for smaller infestations, but herbicides such as glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba can also be used.
These herbicides are most effective when applied during the plant’s active growth period in the spring or fall. Overall, controlling Tumbleweed requires a combination of methods, including proper lawn maintenance, herbicides, and hand-pulling.
Western ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya)
Western ragweed, also known as Ambrosia psilostachya, is an annual weed species belonging to the Asteraceae family. This weed is native to North America and is commonly found in disturbed areas, roadsides, and fields. Western ragweed can grow up to 6 feet tall and has green, fern-like leaves and small greenish-yellow flowers.
Type
Annual
Family
Asteraceae
Control
Hand-pulling can be effective for smaller infestations, but herbicides such as glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba can also be used. These herbicides are most effective when applied during the plant’s active growth period in the spring or fall. Overall, controlling Western ragweed requires a combination of methods, including proper lawn maintenance, herbicides, and hand-pulling.
Wild mustard (Brassica kaber)
This weed is an annual with a compact to medium growth habit and small yellow flowers. It is frequently found in gardens and lawns and can spread rapidly if not managed. The plant’s leaves are all attached to a primary stem, with some having an additional stalk and others directly joined. Additionally, they all feature tiny hairs, serrated edges, and are primarily lobed in shape.
Type
Annual
Family
Brassicaceae
Control
To control this weed effectively, select broadleaf herbicides such as 2,4-D or dicamba (Weed Master). If physical removal is preferred, ensure that all parts of the plant are removed.
Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis)
Melilotus officinalis, commonly known as Yellow Sweet Clover, is a biennial weed species belonging to the Fabaceae family. Native to Europe and Asia, it was introduced to the United States in the 1700s and is now commonly found in fields, roadsides, and other disturbed areas throughout Kentucky. This weed can grow up to 6 feet tall and produces yellow flowers that bloom from May to September.
Type
Biennial
Family
Fabaceae
Control
To control Yellow Sweet Clover effectively, a combination of methods is required. Preventing seed production is crucial for successful control. Applying herbicides such as glyphosate, 2,4-D, or dicamba to small, actively growing Yellow Sweet Clover can be effective. Mowing can also help by reducing the plant’s height and preventing seed production. For small infestations, hand-pulling can also be effective.
